Final answer:
Andreas Vesalius is recognized as the father of modern anatomy for his substantial contributions to the understanding of human anatomy through detailed drawings and challenging conventional medical theories of his time.
Step-by-step explanation:
The individual known as the father of modern anatomy is Andreas Vesalius (option B). Vesalius was a Flemish anatomist whose detailed anatomical drawings published in the 14th and 15th centuries signified the increase in interest towards human anatomy. His works departed from the prevailing medical theories of his time, which were largely based on external observations and imagination, largely due to the societal and legal limitations on studying the internal structure of the human body through dissection. Vesalius, along with Leonardo da Vinci's contributions to anatomical studies, marked the beginning of modern human anatomy.
In contrast, Hippocrates is often referred to as the father of Western medicine, for his approach to understanding diseases as having natural causes, rather than the supernatural explanations common in that era. Whereas Galen of Pergamon, another important historical figure in medicine, explained human health in terms of the balance of four bodily humors.