Final answer:
In eukaryotes, RNA polymerases I, II, and III are responsible for transcribing rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA, respectively. RNAP I synthesizes 18S, 5.8S, and 28S rRNA, RNAP II transcribes protein-coding genes into mRNA, and RNAP III is responsible for tRNA and some rRNA and snRNAs.
Step-by-step explanation:
In eukaryotes, three different RNA polymerases each transcribe a specific type of RNA. RNA polymerase I (RNAP I) is responsible for synthesizing 18S, 5.8S, and 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) transcribes all of the protein-coding genes into messenger RNA (mRNA). Lastly, RNA polymerase III (RNAP III) synthesizes transfer RNAs (tRNA) as well as 5S rRNA and various small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). Therefore, the correct pairing of the RNA polymerases and their transcribed RNAs is: RNA Polymerase I - rRNA, RNA Polymerase II - mRNA, and RNA Polymerase III - tRNA (and some rRNA and snRNAs). The role of these polymerases is critical for the gene expression process in eukaryotic cells.