Final answer:
The document created from examining the requirements of a job and identifying the necessary human traits and experiences is known as a job specification. It details the required knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform a job effectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The document that results from an examination of the duties and responsibilities and answering the question, "What human traits and experience are required to do this job?" is known as a job specification. This document includes the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) that are necessary for a candidate to possess in order to perform the job effectively. In the field of industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology, job analysis is crucial for understanding what is required for each position. Job specifications do not just list tasks; they also align with the more worker-oriented approach of capturing the human characteristics and experiences needed for the job.
In practice, the job specification is used during the hiring process to help screen potential candidates and ensure they match the needed KSAs. Interviews and various forms of testing, such as personality tests or IQ tests, can then be conducted to further assess if candidates possess the traits required as outlined in the job specification.
Reviewing the job description can help identify the specific responsibilities and requirements that are emphasized, which in turn helps in preparing for potential interview questions. Continuing with employee development, performance appraisals are used to assess how well an employee is performing in relation to the job description and specification.