Final answer:
Helioseismology is the study of conditions within the Sun's interior, using solar oscillations to understand its characteristics in real-time, analogous to the study of seismic waves on Earth.
Step-by-step explanation:
The study of conditions far below the sun's surface through the analysis of internal sound waves that repeatedly cross the solar interior is called helioseismology. This field of study is analogous to seismology on Earth, where scientists study seismic waves generated by earthquakes to infer the properties of Earth's interior. Helioseismology utilizes solar oscillations to probe the internal characteristics of the Sun, including temperature, density, and composition. It allows scientists to understand the solar interior in real-time, as opposed to the sunlight we see, which was produced hundreds of thousands of years prior in the solar core. Moreover, the technique can also reveal the structure beneath sunspots and provide valuable information for predicting solar storms that may impact Earth.