Final answer:
The Type A personality is characterized by aggressive behavior, competitiveness, and a chronic sense of urgency, often leading to hostility and health issues like heart disease. The correct option reflecting this is A. Type A.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of personality that displays aggressive behavior, competitiveness, time urgency, social status insecurity, hostility, and a quest for achievement is known as Type A. This behavior pattern is characterized by a chronic struggle to achieve more in less time, including traits of aggression, impatience, and an excessive competitive drive. Research by Friedman and Rosenman identified these characteristics as coronary prone behavior, significantly increasing the risk of heart disease in individuals with this personality type.
An example illustrating Type A behavior is Jeffrey, who is constantly driven to succeed, feeling impatient with the perceived incompetence of others, and exhibiting hostility when thwarted or interrupted, eventually leading to health complications such as a heart attack.
From a health perspective, the anger/hostility dimension of Type A behavior is one of the crucial factors leading to heart disease. A higher incidence of heart disease and heart attacks has been linked to individuals who score high in anger response, as compared to those with lower anger levels.