Final answer:
Increased salivation is a parasympathetic response, as the parasympathetic nervous system is involved in 'rest and digest' functions, preparing the body for digestion and conserving energy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question about which of the following is a parasympathetic response is c. Increased salivation. The parasympathetic nervous system is also known as the 'rest and digest' system. It conserves energy as it slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract. Salivation is a typical parasympathetic response to prepare the body for digestion. On the other hand, responses like increased heart rate, blood vessel constriction, and constipation are more associated with the sympathetic nervous system which is active during stress or 'fight or flight' scenarios.
Actions of the Parasympathetic System:
- Slowing of the heartbeat
- Constriction of the pupils
- Increase in glandular secretion (like salivation)
- Relaxation of the bladder
Thus, when considering parasympathetic responses, one should focus on the restorative processes that occur once a perceived threat has been resolved, returning the body to a state of calm, promoting digestion and conservation of energy.