Final answer:
The most common type of neuron in humans is the multipolar neuron, characterized by multiple dendrites and a single axon.
Step-by-step explanation:
Neurons can be classified structurally by the number of processes extending from their cell body. The most common neuron type in humans is the multipolar neuron. These neurons have one axon and multiple dendrites. Multipolar neurons are prevalent throughout the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. An example of a multipolar neuron is a Purkinje cell in the cerebellum, which orchestrates motor movements.