Final answer:
The approach that uses consistent rewards and consequences to guide behavior in educational strategies is known as operant conditioning, which is neither traditional lecturing, project-based learning, the Montessori method, nor dramatic and creative play.
Step-by-step explanation:
In educational strategies, the approach that involves providing consistent rewards and consequences to guide behavior is known as operant conditioning. This method is exemplified by providing children with a sticker chart, where they earn stickers for displaying acceptable behavior, which can later be traded in for a prize or reinforcer.
Operant conditioning emphasizes the connection between behaviors and their consequences, aiming to encourage desirable behavior through positive reinforcement and discourage undesirable behavior through punishment. This is in contrast to traditional lecturing, project-based learning, the Montessori method, and dramatic and creative play, which are based on different educational principles.