Final answer:
If we do not encode information effectively, we do not have a ton to recall later. Encoding is crucial for the retrieval of memories, and without it, details such as those of a U.S. penny remain elusive.
Step-by-step explanation:
If we do not encode a ton, we don't have a ton to recall. Encoding is the first step in the memory process, involving the input of information into the memory system. Without encoding information properly, it's not entered into our long-term memory, and thus we're unable to retrieve it later when we try to recall.
Encoding failure occurs when we don't pay enough attention to encode information effectively. For example, consider the simple details of a U.S. penny. Due to encoding failure, most people cannot recall such details accurately because they haven't made the effort to encode them beyond distinguishing the penny from other coins.
Various methods help with encoding, like making sentences meaningful or using acoustic encoding through songs or rhymes—methods that engage effortful processing for better retention and retrieval.