Final answer:
Substances like chloroform, oxygen, polyethylene, and methanol have intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding, which vary according to their molecular structures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student is asking about the intermolecular forces present in various substances. Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction between molecules.
Here is a breakdown for each substance:
- A. Chloroform, CHCl₃ - The most important intermolecular forces in chloroform are dipole-dipole interactions due to the polar C-Cl bonds, as well as London dispersion forces.
- B. Oxygen, O₂ - In oxygen, the primary intermolecular force is the London dispersion force, as it is a nonpolar molecule with no permanent dipole.
- C. Polyethylene, CₙH₂ₙ⁺₂ - Polyethylene has significant London dispersion forces due to the long chains of hydrocarbons which allows for more points of contact and therefore stronger dispersion forces.
- D. Methanol, CH₃OH - Methanol exhibits hydrogen bonding because of the O-H bond, alongside London dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interactions.
Each substance has a predominant type of intermolecular force based on its molecular structure and bonding.