Final answer:
The four main types of crystalline solids are ionic, metallic, covalent network, and molecular, each consisting of different particles held together by various kinds of bonds or forces.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to the types of particles found in each of the four main classes of crystalline solids.
These classes include ionic, metallic, covalent network, and molecular solids.
Here's a breakdown of each class:
- Ionic solids are composed of ions. They are held together by ionic bonds, which are electrostatic attractions between positively charged cations and negatively charged anions. An example of an ionic solid is table salt (NaCl).
- Metallic solids consist of metal atoms which are bonded together by metallic bonds. These bonds form a sea of delocalized electrons around metal ions, resulting in high electrical conductivity. Copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) are typical metallic solids.
- Covalent network solids are comprised of atoms connected by covalent bonds in a large, continuous network. Crystalline forms of carbon, like diamond and graphite, are examples of covalent network solids.
- Molecular solids are made up of molecules held together by intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces. Water ice (H2O) and dry ice (CO2) are examples of molecular solids.
Crystal defects can occur in these solids, and they can affect properties such as electrical conductivity.