Final answer:
The superior and medial costotransverse ligaments connect the rib above to the transverse process of the vertebra below, stabilizing the costovertebral joints, whereas the costoclavicular ligament connects the medial clavicle with the first rib.
Step-by-step explanation:
The superior and medial costotransverse ligaments connect between the inferior surface of the rib above and the superior surface of the transverse process of the vertebra below. Essentially, these ligaments provide stability to the costovertebral joints, which are formed between the heads of the ribs and the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae. The costotransverse ligaments, along with other structures such as the radiate and lateral costotransverse ligaments, help to secure the ribs in place and ensure proper mechanics and protection of the thoracic region.
When we consider other anatomical structures surrounding the thoracic cage, such as the costoclavicular ligament, we look at different connections—this particular ligament connects the medial clavicle with the first rib, helping stabilize the pectoral girdle. The thoracic cage itself, including structures like the sternum and ribs, serves to protect vital organs like the heart and lungs.