Final answer:
After birth pains are due to uterine contractions during the involution process, more noticeable when the uterus was overdistended, more intense for multiparous women, and somewhat alleviated during breastfeeding due to oxytocin release.
Step-by-step explanation:
About after birth pains, nurses should be aware that these pains are caused by the uterine contractions that continue for several hours after birth. These contractions help in the process called involution, where the uterus returns to its pre-pregnancy size and position.
It is noteworthy that after birth pains are more noticeable in subsequent births rather than first-time mothers and in births where the uterus was overdistended, for instance, in the case of a large baby or multiples.
Moreover, it is also true that breastfeeding can alleviate after birth pains somewhat, as it releases oxytocin, which stimulates uterine contractions, hastening the involution process but can also make these contractions more noticeable.
The correct answer to the question is that after birth pains are more noticeable in births in which the uterus was overdistended (option c) and they are alleviated somewhat when the mother breastfeeds (option d).
These pains are indeed a result of the uterine contractions that help to return the uterus to its original size and help to prevent excessive bleeding by compressing the blood vessels at the site where the placenta was attached.
It's not accurate to say after birth pains are more common in first-time mothers (option b); instead, multiparous women (those who have given birth before) tend to experience more intense afterbirth pains.