Final answer:
In the case of a communication failure, ATC will attempt alternative communication methods, clear airspace, use light signals, and monitor the aircraft via radar, following established procedures for safety.
Step-by-step explanation:
If a pilot experiences a communication failure (COM failure) while in flight, Air Traffic Control (ATC) will implement standard procedures designed to maintain safety and assist the aircraft to land without further incident. ATC will first attempt to establish communication using alternative methods such as light signals or secondary radio frequencies. If communication cannot be reestablished, ATC will clear the airspace around the aircraft's last known position and anticipated route to provide a safe path. They will also observe the aircraft's progress using radar.
ATC procedures during a COM failure are outlined in aviation regulations and guides, such as the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM). This includes pilots following pre-established protocols like squawking 7600 on the transponder, which is the code for radio communication failure, and observing last ATC instructions for altitude and route. Pilots are trained to proceed via the route and clearances last received, and if VFR (Visual Flight Rules) conditions prevail, they should continue under VFR and land as soon as practical. In IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) conditions, pilots are trained to follow the 'AVEF' rule—fly the Assigned route, Vectored last, Expected route, or Filed flight plan.
Examples of ATC actions include:
- Attempting alternative communication methods
- Clearing airspace
- Providing light signals for landing instructions
- Using radar to monitor the aircraft's position
The safety of both the aircraft experiencing the failure and other aircraft within the vicinity is the priority during such an event.