Final answer:
An Observational Record is what a written description of a child's behavior that objectively details what, when, and where an incident occurred is known as, aligning with option c). It is a method used in observational studies to collect data for analyzing behavior without bias.
Step-by-step explanation:
A written description of a child's behavior, providing an objective account of an incident by detailing what happened, when it happened, and where it happened, is referred to as an Observational Record. This definition aligns with option c) Observational Record. Observational Records are essential tools in behavioral science used to record and analyze behavior in a systematic and unbiased manner.
By conducting an observational study, researchers gain a deeper understanding of a subject's behavior within a natural context, much like the Strange Situation by Mary Ainsworth which is a structured observational method designed to evaluate attachment styles between infants and caregivers. These observations provide valuable data that help to explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that influence it.
An Observational Record differs from a narrative assessment, behavioral assessment, or a case study as it focuses purely on the objective documentation of events without the analysis or wider context typically included in the latter methodologies.