Final answer:
The negative delta G for ATP hydrolysis to ADP + Pi is caused by the breaking of high-energy phosphate bonds, formation of stronger bonds in the products, increased entropy, and the greater stability of the products compared to reactants, enabling vital energy transfer for cellular processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The chemical reasons for the large negative delta G associated with the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + Pi include several factors. First and foremost, the release of energy is due to the breaking of high-energy phosphate bonds (phosphoanhydride bonds) between the phosphates in ATP. Secondly, there is the formation of stronger bonds in the products (ADP + Pi), compared to those in ATP, leading to a lower free energy state. Moreover, the increased entropy in the products contributes to the thermodynamic favorability of the reaction. Lastly, the greater stability of ADP + Pi relative to ATP is a significant factor in driving this exergonic process, as these molecules are less energy-rich and more stable.
This hydrolysis reaction is vital in transferring energy for various cellular processes through energy coupling, wherein the energy released during ATP hydrolysis is used to drive energetically unfavorable reactions within the cell, such as the actions of the sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+ pump).