Final answer:
The question deals with Medicine, specifically emergency care principles and the respiratory system, typically covered in high school. It involves an understanding of the ABCDE assessment sequence and the functioning of the respiratory system. The correct option is b).
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of the question is Medicine, specifically related to the primary initial assessment in emergency care, often taught in high school health or biology classes. The acronym commonly taught is ABCDE, which stands for Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Environmental threats.
This is a priority sequence for assessing and managing patients in critical conditions to ensure the most vital functions are being taken care of first. The terms mentioned such as external respiration, interpulmonary respiration, internal respiration, and pulmonary ventilation relate to the physiological processes of breathing and the respiratory system.
Multiple fields of study that are branches of science include physiology, which is the study of the function of an animal's or a plant's body, and attempts to understand mechanisms of living things and their efforts to maintain homeostasis.
Health conditions such as diseases of the respiratory system including asthma, pneumonia, and lung cancer are grounded in the science and study of medicine.
Discussions on topics such as the control of breathing, gas exchange, and negative health effects of smoking are typically covered within the scope of either health or biology classes, weaving into the broader topic of human physiology. Option b) is the correct one.