Final answer:
Ethanol affects the nervous system by acting as a depressant and causing symptoms such as drowsiness and impaired coordination. Chronic exposure can lead to long-term changes in the brain and withdrawal symptoms.
Step-by-step explanation:
When ethanol is consumed, it affects the nervous system in several ways. It acts as a depressant, slowing down the activity of the central nervous system. This can lead to symptoms such as drowsiness, impaired coordination, and reduced reaction time.
Additionally, chronic ethanol exposure can cause long-term changes in the brain, including ataxia, hippocampal dysfunction, and impaired decision-making. The withdrawal from ethanol can also result in seizures, tremors, and confusion.