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Time to respond to receptor activation (fastest to slowest)

a. G protein-coupled receptor, Tyrosine kinase receptor, Ion channel receptor, Nuclear receptor
b. Ion channel receptor, Tyrosine kinase receptor, G protein-coupled receptor, Nuclear receptor
c. Tyrosine kinase receptor, G protein-coupled receptor, Ion channel receptor, Nuclear receptor
d. Ion channel receptor, G protein-coupled receptor, Tyrosine kinase receptor, Nuclear receptor

User HanJeaHwan
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Final answer:

The fastest response to receptor activation is by the Ion channel receptors, followed by G protein-coupled receptors, then Tyrosine kinase receptors, and the slowest are Nuclear receptors.

Step-by-step explanation:

The response times to receptor activation, from the fastest to the slowest, are as follows: Ion channel receptors, G protein-coupled receptors (GPR), Tyrosine kinase receptors, and Nuclear receptors. Ion channel receptors, such as ligand-gated channels, respond almost instantly because the channel changes shape and allows ions to pass through the membrane upon neurotransmitter binding. G protein-coupled receptors, which include peptide hormone receptors, activate a G-protein that then interacts with other membrane proteins or enzymes, leading to the production of second messengers like cAMP; this process takes a little longer than ion channels. Tyrosine kinase receptors, when activated by their ligand, catalyze phosphorylation events that result in various cellular responses and take longer than GPRs. Finally, Nuclear receptors, which modulate gene transcription, result in the slowest response because changes in gene expression and the subsequent protein synthesis take considerable time.

User Ksu
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