Final answer:
The statement is true; trend and numerical methods use historical climate data to make predictions about future climate conditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that trend and numerical methods are two forecast methods that rely on past climate data, such as long-term averages and similar patterns, to predict future climate conditions is true. These methods use historical evidence to indirectly measure temperature and predict changes in Earth's temperature and atmosphere. For example, scientists examine previous and current data such as the dimensions and locations of glaciers, the water levels in lakes, rivers, and oceans, and the number of annual rings in trees, which can provide information about past climate conditions and predict future changes.
In climatology, researchers study the climate by analyzing atmospheric data over long periods of time and identifying patterns that could persist over decades, centuries, and even millennia. By applying our understanding from climate patterns and atmospheric science, scientists can forecast specific outcomes related to temperature changes, which may include shifts in the distribution of plants and animals or changes in arable land for agriculture based on temperature variations.