Final answer:
Research-attributable risks according to TCPS 2 are all the risks associated with the research, which are specific to the procedures of the research itself. The correct option is c.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct description of research-attributable risks, according to TCPS 2, is c. All the risks associated with the research.
This includes only the additional risks that arise specifically as a result of the research procedures and not the risks that participants would be ordinarily exposed to in their everyday lives.
In the context of informed consent, all risks and benefits must be clearly outlined for study participants, so they can make an informed decision about their participation.
For example, in epidemiological studies, determining the relative risk is essential for comparing the frequency of health-related events between groups that are exposed and not exposed to certain risk factors.
Longitudinal studies like the Cancer Prevention Study-3 (CPS-3) often employ tens of thousands of individuals over many years to track and compare health outcomes and evaluate these risks. The correct option is c.