Final answer:
A. DNA microarray analysis is the most useful technique to compare the entire set of genes up-regulated in tumor cells versus healthy cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
If you want to know the entire set of human genes that are up-regulated in a tumor cell compared to that of a healthy cell, the most useful technique would be a. DNA microarray analysis.
This technique capitalizes on the hybridization between complementary nucleic acid sequences to compare gene-expression patterns between different types of cells.
In the case of cancerous cells versus healthy cells, a microarray can be used to examine the differences in gene expression patterns.
The DNA or cDNA samples from the tumor and healthy cells can be labeled with different fluorescent dyes and immobilized on a chip, where they hybridize to complementary DNA sequences on the microarray.
By scanning the microarray with a laser, one can then identify the genes that are up-regulated in tumor cells by looking for spots that are fluorescently labeled with the dye corresponding to the tumor cell sample.