Final answer:
The standard gauges on road vehicles include the tachometer, odometer, and fuel gauge. These gauges, such as the fuel gauge, work by using voltmeters that measure the voltage output from sender units proportional to the amount of gasoline in the tank.
Step-by-step explanation:
The standard gauges commonly found on road vehicles include the tachometer, which measures the engine's revolutions per minute (RPM), the odometer, which records the total distance that the vehicle has traveled, and the fuel gauge, which indicates the amount of fuel in the tank. Regarding the concept of measurement, the number of gallons of gasoline necessary to fill an automobile gas tank is related to the function of the fuel gauge. The conversion of centimeters into 2 meters is a basic measurement in the metric system, where 1 meter equals 100 centimeters, hence 2 meters are 200 centimeters. The mass of a textbook is typically a few kilograms, and this could be measured using a weighing scale. Lastly, to calculate the time required to drive from San Francisco to Kansas City at an average speed of 53 miles per hour, one would need to divide the total distance by the speed, keeping in mind to convert the units if necessary to match the calculation.
Vehicle gauges like the fuel gauge function through voltmeters that register the voltage output of 'sender' units, which are hopefully proportional to the amount of gasoline in the tank and the engine temperature.