Final answer:
Sofia is demonstrating attachment to her parents and secure base behaviors, important aspects of the sensorimotor stage of development and attachment theory, as well as successfully navigating through the autonomy versus shame and doubt stage.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sofia, who is 2 years old, exhibits behavior that demonstrates strong attachment and comfort with exploration in the presence of her parents. This indicates she has developed a secure base from which she feels safe to explore her environment, a concept central to attachment theory. According to developmental psychologists, such as Ainsworth and Bell, and stages outlined by theorists like Piaget, Sofia is firmly within the sensorimotor stage of development, where she is learning about the world through her senses and motor behavior. The attachment she feels towards her parents is also reflected in her social development, as she demonstrates socioemotional selectivity, where her close relationships provide her with a sense of security.
Toddlers at Sofia's age are also working through the process of establishing independence, often referred to as the "me do it" stage. This is a critical phase for developing self-concept and tackling the challenge of autonomy versus shame and doubt. Sofia's behaviors suggest that she is navigating this stage successfully, finding a balance between dependency on her parents and her growing sense of autonomy.