Final answer:
The most likely outcome of an acid-catalyzed hydration of an alkene is markovnikov with rearrangement, where water adds to the more substituted carbon atom and a carbocation rearrangement may occur if it leads to a more stable intermediate.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most likely regiochemical outcome for the reactants and conditions of an acid-catalyzed hydration process is d. markovnikov with rearrangement. In an acid-catalyzed hydration of an alkene, water adds to the more substituted carbon atom in line with Markovnikov's rule. Additionally, carbocation rearrangements can occur if they lead to a more stable carbocation intermediate. Therefore, if a more stable carbocation can be formed through rearrangement, the reaction may indeed involve rearrangement during the process.