Question

If a stem cell (a.k.a. totipotent, or undifferentiated cell) is isolated from a plant, it can be transplanted into any organ or tissue and it will takeon the identity of the local cell type. For example, a stem cell taken from the root, will differentiate into a leaf cell if it is implanted in leaf tissues. Using concepts that were discussed in this course, explain the general processes that would cause a stem cell to differentiate into a local cell type (e.g., leaf cell) upon implantation. Your explanation should outline general processes spanning from the initial implantation event all the way to the unique expression profiles that define the local cell type.

Answer 1

Plant stem cells differentiate into specialized cells like leaf cells by changes in gene expression, influenced by transcription factors that respond to environmental cues following transplantation.

Step-by-step explanation:

Stem Cell Differentiation into Local Cell Types

When a plant stem cell is transplanted into a different organ, such as from the root to a leaf, it undergoes a process called cellular differentiation. This process involves a stem cell's transformation into a specialized cell type with unique functional characteristics. The initial implantation triggers environmental cues that lead to the activation or suppression of specific genes. Transcription factors play a critical role in this process by binding to DNA and facilitating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. As a result, the stem cell adopts the expression profiles of local cells, developing the structures and functions particular to those cells, such as leaf cells in this instance.