Final answer:
The study by Astin and Astin in 2010 found a significant association between the types of assignments used by instructors and the spiritual development of college students, with reflective and service-oriented tasks being particularly influential.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the study conducted by Astin and Astin in 2010 on college students' spiritual development, it is suggested that there is a significant association between the types of assignments an instructor uses and students' spiritual development. This implies that when instructors assign work that encourages reflection, critical thinking, and personal growth, it can positively influence students' spiritual growth. Tasks that integrate service learning, discussions around meaning and purpose, and opportunities for students to reflect on their values are examples of assignments that can nurture spiritual development.