Final answer:
Winning a lottery is entirely based on luck and chance, not skill or strategy. Buying multiple tickets may increase chances to win, but does not guarantee success. Expected gain or loss is calculated using probability and expected values.
Step-by-step explanation:
Winning the jackpot in a particular lottery is not dependent on a) skillful strategy or d) mathematical calculation. Lotteries are games of chance, and the outcome is determined entirely by b) luck and chance. c) Buying multiple tickets can increase the number of chances to win, but it does not guarantee a win since each ticket has an independent probability of winning.
The belief that chance events like lottery wins are 'due' because they haven't happened in a long time is known as the gambler's fallacy. This is a misconception because past events do not affect the probability of future random events in games such as lotteries.
To calculate the expected gain or loss from participating in a raffle or lottery, you can use probability and mathematical expectation. For example, to find your expected gain or loss from buying a raffle ticket, you would multiply the value of each prize by the probability of winning that prize and then subtract the cost of the ticket.
Over time, your expected average winnings would be the average amount you can expect to win per game or raffle, factoring in the likelihood of winning different prizes and the cost of the tickets.