Final answer:
The phase changes where matter transitions to a more energetic state are melting, where solid becomes liquid, and sublimation, where solid turns directly into gas. The respective terms for the phase change from solid to gas and from liquid to gas are sublimation and vaporization.
Step-by-step explanation:
The changes of state described in the question involve different processes. Melting is the transition from solid to liquid, freezing is the reversal, and condensation is the change from gas to liquid. Sublimation refers to the phase change from solid directly to gas, while deposition is the opposite. Evaporation is the process of liquid turning into gas.
According to the summaries provided, the correct answer for phase changes where matter undergoes a transition to a more energetic state would be melting and vaporization. These changes are endothermic, requiring the absorption of energy. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is (b) melting and sublimation, which represents the change of state from solid to gas and liquid to gas, respectively.
For the one-word descriptions:
- (a) The change in phase from solid to gas is sublimation.
- (b) The change in phase from liquid to gas is vaporization (which includes boiling and evaporation).