Final answer:
Two functional groups that contain ionic charges are the protonated amine, which has a positive charge, and phosphate, which typically carries a negative charge.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options provided, two functional groups that contain ionic charges are protonated amine and phosphate.
- Protonated amine: This is an amine group that has accepted an extra proton (H+), leading to a positive charge.
- Phosphate: This group includes a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, typically carrying a negative charge (as in ATP or DNA molecules).
The other options listed, such as amine without the protonation, alkyl group, and alcohol, do not usually carry charges under physiological conditions. Amines can have a lone pair that can accept a proton, becoming protonated. Alkyl groups are neutral and generally non-polar, while alcohols contain a polar hydroxyl group but do not have a full charge.