Final answer:
The claim that job analysis is derived from job specifications is false; it is the other way around. Job analysis provides a systematic approach to determine job duties, which leads to creating job descriptions and then job specifications. Methods like observation, surveys, and interviews are crucial for accurate job analysis. option b.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'Job analysis is derived from job specifications, which in turn are the foundation of all job evaluation systems' is false. In reality, the process flows in the opposite direction. Job analysis is the foundation from which job descriptions are developed, which leads to the creation of job specifications. Subsequently, job specifications inform job evaluations. Job analysis involves studying and collecting information about the duties, responsibilities, necessary skills, outcomes, and work environment of a particular job. It is a systematic process that requires various methods such as observation, surveys, and interviews to gather the necessary information.
The reliability of a job analysis can vary. Research by Dierdorff & Wilson (2003) indicated that when job analysis is based on descriptions provided by the job incumbents themselves, it may be less reliable. It's important to use a variety of sources to confirm the accuracy of the job analysis data, including interviewing not only the job incumbents but also their peers and supervisors. This comprehensive approach helps create a more reliable and valid picture of the role, further compelling the development of job descriptions and specifications that are more aligned with the actual duties and requirements.
The information derived from accurate job analysis is essential for developing interview questions and making informed hiring decisions in mid-size to large-size businesses. Job analysis is crucial for ensuring that the selection process matches the actual requirements of the job.