Final answer:
The environmental costs related to oil and natural gas mining include destruction from explosions, habitat loss, oil pollution, and contributions to global warming. Thus, all options provided (a through d) are correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The environmental costs directly related to oil and natural gas mining include a range of impacts:
- Destruction due to explosions: Accidental blasts during drilling or mining can lead to immediate destruction of nearby ecosystems.
- Habitat loss: Extraction processes often necessitate clearing large areas of land, leading to loss of habitats for many species.
- Oil pollution: Spills and leaks during extraction or transportation of oil can lead to significant water and soil pollution.
- Global warming: The release of greenhouse gases, such as methane and CO2, during extraction and burning of fossil fuels contributes to global warming.
Considering these factors, the answer to the question would be e. All of the answers are correct, as each option listed is an environmental cost associated with oil and natural gas mining activities.