Final answer:
The glucose biosensor utilizes an electron transport chain to transfer electrons to an electrode surface, with an enzyme (like glucose oxidase or dehydrogenase) catalyzing glucose oxidation to generate the electrons.
Step-by-step explanation:
The component of a glucose biosensor that serves to reversibly transport electrons to an electrode surface is known as the electron transport chain or system. Within this chain, various complexes and molecules participate in redox reactions, where electrons are passed from one component to the next. In the context of a biosensor for glucose measurement, the enzyme (such as glucose oxidase or glucose dehydrogenase) typically acts as the initial catalyst, which helps in the oxidation of glucose and ultimately results in the production of electrons. These electrons are then transferred to the electrodes, which generates a current that is proportional to the glucose concentration in the specimen.