Final Answer:
Pulling the control stick toward the pilot increases the angle of attack, potentially causing a stall. When the critical angle is surpassed, the lift decreases, leading to a descent. Pilots manage the angle of attack to prevent stalls and maintain control. Thus the correct option is B. Descend downward.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the novice pilot pulls the control stick toward them, the likely effect on the plane is a descent downward. This is because pulling the control stick toward the pilot typically increases the angle of attack of the wings. As the angle of attack increases, the lift generated by the wings also increases. However, there is a critical angle beyond which the airflow over the wings becomes turbulent, leading to a stall. In a stall, the lift decreases, and the plane descends. Therefore, pulling the control stick toward the pilot can result in a descent.
In more technical terms, the angle of attack is the angle between the chord line of the wing (an imaginary line between the leading and trailing edges of the wing) and the oncoming air. As the angle of attack increases, the lift force initially increases, but there is a limit. Once the critical angle of attack is surpassed, the smooth airflow over the wings is disrupted, causing a stall. Pilots are trained to be aware of and manage the angle of attack to prevent stalls and maintain control of the aircraft. In this case, pulling the control stick toward the pilot increases the angle of attack, potentially leading to a descent if not managed properly by the pilot.
Therefore, the correct option is B. Descend downward