Final answer:
The scenario likely represents cronyism, where a party boss hands out privileges to loyal followers. It contrasts with meritocracy and may lead to an oligarchy, where a small group holds power, often critiqued in modern democracies for favoring the elite. The correct option is B. Cronyism.
Step-by-step explanation:
A party boss handing out "special privileges" and "immunity from arrest" slips to loyal followers is most likely engaging in cronyism.
This political practice favors close friends, or cronies, usually for political rather than meritocratic reasons. Cronyism can contribute to the creation of an oligarchy, a form of government where power is held by a small group of people, often related by economic interests, political ties, or social connections.
In contrast, a meritocracy is a system where individuals are rewarded and advanced based on their skills and contributions rather than connections or loyalty. The scenario described does not align with democratic principles, as democracy involves equal treatment and opportunities for all, without favoritism based on loyalty or connections.
The "spoils system" is also related to cronyism and reflects the practice of awarding political appointments based on party loyalty rather than merit or qualifications. It is often criticized for leading to inefficient and potentially corrupt government operations. On the other hand, the merit system is seen as beneficial for ensuring that the most qualified applicants are selected for government positions, promoting efficiency and fairness.
The debate about whether modern democracies are actually oligarchies is ongoing. Critics like Paul Krugman suggest that the influence of wealthy corporations and the elite can dominate policymaking, transforming a nominal democracy into one that favors only a select few, which is characteristic of an oligarchy.
The correct option is B. Cronyism.