Question

Which phrase defines a sound argument?

a) "An argument that relies on emotions"
b) "An argument that includes logical reasoning and evidence"
c) "An argument that uses rhetorical devices"
d) "An argument based on personal opinions"

Answer 1

A sound argument is an argument that includes logical reasoning and evidence, with premises that logically support the conclusion.

Step-by-step explanation:

The phrase that defines a sound argument is "An argument that includes logical reasoning and evidence". This type of argument employs logical reasoning—such as cause and effect, comparison and contrast, or problem and solution—and backs it up with reliable and sufficient evidence, including facts, statistics, anecdotes, examples, or quotations. A sound argument is constructed through a set of reasons or premises that support a conclusion and are both logically coherent and empirically verifiable.

It is important to differentiate a sound argument from other forms of persuasion that may rely on rhetorical devices, emotional appeal, or personal opinions; these do not necessarily provide the logical substantiation required for an argument to be considered sound in academic or formal contexts. Evaluating whether an argument's premises logically support the conclusion is essential in establishing its soundness.