Question

Conditions such as hemorrhage and severe dehydration resulting from extracellular fluid loss cause which of the following?

a. hypoxia.
b. hypovolemia.
c. hypervolemia.
d. heart failure.

Answer 1

Severe dehydration and hemorrhage lead to a condition called hypovolemia, which is characterized by decreased blood volume and can result in hypovolemic shock. Treatment includes administering intravenous fluids and medications to restore blood volume and pressure. Option b is correct.

Step-by-step explanation:

Conditions such as hemorrhage and severe dehydration resulting from extracellular fluid loss cause hypovolemia. Hypovolemia is a state of decreased blood volume and can lead to a type of circulatory shock known as hypovolemic shock, which is typically caused by excessive blood loss or dehydration.

This condition can lead to symptoms such as rapid heart rate, weak pulse, cool and clammy skin, and in severe cases, low urine output and possibly circulatory shock. It is crucial to treat hypovolemia with intravenous fluids and sometimes drugs like dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine to boost blood pressure and restore normal function.

Answer 2

Conditions like hemorrhage and severe dehydration lead to extracellular fluid loss, resulting in a decrease in blood volume and causing hypovolemia. Therefore, the correct answer is option b) hypovolemia.

Step-by-step explanation:

Hypovolemia refers to a decrease in blood volume circulating within the vascular system. Conditions such as hemorrhage (excessive bleeding) and severe dehydration lead to extracellular fluid loss, reducing the overall volume of blood. This reduction in blood volume negatively impacts the circulatory system and can compromise tissue perfusion.

In hemorrhage, blood is lost from the vascular space, directly decreasing blood volume. Severe dehydration, on the other hand, involves the loss of both water and electrolytes, contributing to a decrease in extracellular fluid and subsequently reducing blood volume.

The consequences of hypovolemia include decreased cardiac output, impaired oxygen delivery to tissues, and potential organ failure. Recognizing and addressing hypovolemia are crucial in medical settings to restore adequate fluid balance and prevent further complications associated with insufficient circulating blood volume.

Therefore, the correct answer is option b) hypovolemia.