Final answer:
Noble gases, metalloids, transition metals, and halogens are the elements mentioned above.
Step-by-step explanation:
The presence of atoms of the following elements:
- a) Noble gases: Noble gases belong to Group 8 of the periodic table. They include elements like helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn). These elements have full valence electron shells, making them very stable and nonreactive.
- b) Metalloids: Metalloids are elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals. Examples of metalloids include boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and tellurium (Te).
- c) Transition metals: Transition metals are found between groups 3 and 12 on the periodic table. They include elements like iron (Fe), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au). Transition metals have characteristic properties like high melting points, variable oxidation states, and the ability to form complex ions.
- d) Halogens: Halogens belong to Group 7 of the periodic table. They include elements like fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). Halogens are highly reactive and have a tendency to gain one electron to achieve a full valence electron shell.