Final answer:
Hypnosis is a state of extreme self-focus and attention where individuals usually have clear memories and are in control of their own behaviors. Two theories about how hypnosis works are the dissociation theory and the social-cognitive theory. Hypnosis is an effective technique in therapy for various purposes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hypnosis is a state of extreme self-focus and attention in which minimal attention is given to external stimuli. Contrary to popular belief, individuals undergoing hypnosis usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors.
Hypnosis is often used in therapy to alter thoughts and perceptions, enhance memory or a skill, or draw out buried memories. Some research suggests that hypnotic states are associated with global changes in brain functioning. There are two main theories about how hypnosis works: the dissociation theory and the social-cognitive theory.
The dissociation theory views hypnosis as a dissociated state of consciousness, where attention is focused elsewhere while still being conscious of one's actions. The social-cognitive theory sees hypnotized individuals as performing the social role of a hypnotized person.