Final answer:
In the F2 generation of a dihybrid cross considering only the trait of seed color, the ratio is 9 colored to 7 colorless. Thus, for one plant that is colorless, the probability that another plant is colored is 9/16.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering the F2 generation in Mendelian genetics, particularly the segregation of plant seed color and texture, a dihybrid cross of two heterozygous parents gives a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1. This ratio represents the offspring's possible combinations of two characteristics, such as seed color and seed texture. If we look at the color only, assuming a dominant and recessive pattern, three-quarters of the F2 plants will be colored (dominant trait) and one-quarter will be colorless (recessive trait).
To answer the student's question, given that F2 plants segregate 9/16 colored to 7/16 colorless, if one plant is among the colorless, the probability that another plant is colored is the proportion of colored plants in the F2 generation, which is 9/16. Therefore, the correct answer is:
d) The probability is 9/16 for a colored plant.