Final answer:
Ammonia (NH3) is expected to deviate most from ideal gas behavior due to strong hydrogen bonding and stronger dispersion forces compared to helium (He), oxygen (O2), and carbon dioxide (CO2). c) Ammonia. is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Deviation from ideal gas behavior tends to increase with the strength of intermolecular forces and the size of molecules. Of the gases listed - helium (He), oxygen (O2), ammonia (NH3), and carbon dioxide (CO2) - ammonia is expected to deviate the most from ideal gas behavior.
Helium is a noble gas with very weak dispersion forces and is often considered the closest to an ideal gas under normal conditions. Oxygen, as a diatomic molecule, has stronger dispersion forces than helium but still is relatively close to ideal under many conditions. Ammonia possesses not only stronger dispersion forces but also hydrogen bonding, which is a strong type of intermolecular force, leading to significant deviation from ideal behavior. Carbon dioxide, being a linear molecule, has dispersion forces and some dipole-dipole interactions due to its molecular polarity, yet generally less than in ammonia.
Under conditions of high temperature and low pressure, gases behave most ideally. However, under conditions of low temperature and high pressure, gases deviate from ideal behavior. Factors such as the volume of gas molecules and intermolecular attractions contribute to non-ideal behavior, with the latter having a greater impact under conditions where these attractions are not overshadowed by thermal energy.
Therefore, the correct option for the gas expected to deviate more from ideal behavior is c) Ammonia.