Final answer:
Fred's refusal to make decisions on Friday the 13th due to superstition is an example of a randomness error, a cognitive bias related to misconceptions about probability and chance, distinct from the availability heuristic and confirmation bias.
Step-by-step explanation:
Fred's steadfast belief that making big decisions on Friday the 13th is bad luck can be classified as a c) randomness error. This is a type of cognitive bias where an individual believes that non-related events, such as a specific date, can influence outcomes due to chance. It reflects a misperception of how randomness and probability actually work, leading to superstitious behavior. This bias is often related to the gambler's fallacy, which is the incorrect belief that if something happens less frequently in the past, it will happen more frequently in the future, or vice versa. This is different from the availability heuristic, which involves making judgments based on the most readily available information, or confirmation bias, which is the tendency to search for and interpret information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions.