Final answer:
Covariation theory is focused on understanding if a behavior is driven by either situational or dispositional factors, and involves analyzing consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus. It is closely related to the actor-observer bias, where different attributions are made depending on whether we are the actor or the observer in a given situation. The correct option is d.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct statement regarding covariation theory is: d) covariation theory attempts to understand whether a behaviour is driven by situational or dispositional factors. Covariation theory suggests that to determine the cause of a behavior, one must assess consistency, distinctiveness, and consensus.
If consistency is high (behavior occurs repeatedly), it might be dispositional, but if distinctiveness and consensus are also high (behavior is unusual for the person and common among others in the same situation), it is likely situational.
The actor-observer bias typically involves actors giving situational explanations for their own behaviors, whereas observers give dispositional explanations for others' behaviors.
Situational influences on behavior refer to external factors like the environment and social context, while dispositional influences relate to internal traits such as personality. Often, we err in attributing behaviors to dispositions due to the fundamental attribution error, not considering the potent impact of the situation. The correct option is d.