Final answer:
Miguel de Cervantes is the Renaissance writer whose work was most influenced by his professional experience, particularly in his masterpiece 'Don Quixote'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks about a Renaissance writer whose work was influenced by their professional experience. Among the options given, Miguel de Cervantes is the one whose work most clearly reflects his own life experiences. Cervantes was a Spanish writer who is widely known for his masterpiece, 'Don Quixote', considered to be the first modern European novel. His personal experiences, including his military service, his time as a captive in Algiers, and his struggles with poverty, all had a significant influence on his writings. While other options like William Shakespeare, Dante Alighieri, and Geoffrey Chaucer were influential writers of their time, Cervantes' work is distinctly reflective of his professional and personal experiences.