Final answer:
In classical conditioning, a natural response (unconditioned response) to a stimulus (unconditioned stimulus) becomes associated with a previously neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus), which then elicits the response (conditioned response) by itself.
Step-by-step explanation:
In classical conditioning, unconditioned stimuli (UCS) and unconditioned responses (UCR) are biological and naturally occurring responses. The process starts with a neutral stimulus (NS) that initially does not elicit any particular response. In the typical example of Pavlov's dogs, the unconditioned stimulus was the food that naturally caused the dogs to salivate, or the unconditioned response. During acquisition, a neutral stimulus such as the sound of a bell (NS) is presented in close temporal proximity to the UCS (food). Over repeated trials, the NS begins to elicit the conditioned response (CR) on its own, becoming a conditioned stimulus (CS). Therefore, after conditioning, the ringing bell (CS) alone could cause the dogs to salivate (CR).
If we were to answer the student's question based on information from a hypothetical video, the answers would be as follows:
- Unconditioned Stimulus: This would likely be analogous to the food in Pavlov's experiment, something that naturally produces a response, such as the opening of a computer application.
- Unconditioned Response: This would be the user's automatic reaction to the unconditioned stimulus, such as interest or alertness upon observing the opening of an application.
- Conditioned Stimulus: After association with the unconditioned stimulus, the computer notification sound would become the conditioned stimulus.
- Conditioned Response: The learned response to the conditioned stimulus, such as feeling alerted or expecting to see an application open when hearing the notification sound.