Final answer:
Casual, part-time, and agricultural workers may commonly be excluded from certain employment benefits, depending on legislation. Types of unemployment include cyclical for landscapers during a recession, structural for coal miners and printers due to regulatory changes and shifts to digital media, and frictional for a financial analyst changing locations. Unions have seen a decline as improved labor laws have made workers feel less need for their services.
Step-by-step explanation:
Commonalities that casual workers, some part-time workers, and agricultural workers share can vary based on legislation and labor law of the region they are in. However, generally, such workers may experience exclusion from entitlement to employment insurance benefits, paid sick or bereavement leaves, workers' compensation benefits, or to be paid for working overtime. It's essential to check the specific labor laws of a region to determine which of these exclusions apply to these groups of workers.
Regarding types of unemployment, cyclical unemployment affects landscapers laid off during a recession due to a drop in housing construction, while structural unemployment would apply to coal miners laid off due to new EPA regulations affecting coal-fired power plants. Similarly, structural unemployment affects printers laid off due to a technological shift to internet advertising and factory workers whose jobs moved overseas. In contrast, frictional unemployment applies to a financial analyst moving states for similar work, signifying a transitional period between jobs.
Lastly, the decline in union membership could be due in part to workers perceiving less need for unions as labor laws, which unions supported, provide protections they initially fought for. So, unions inadvertently reduced their perceived necessity by successfully lobbying for these laws.