Final answer:
The difference between isopropyl and n-propyl groups lies in their carbon atom arrangement; isopropyl is a branched group while n-propyl is a straight chain. Isopropyl forms secondary alcohols like 2-propanol, while n-propyl forms primary alcohols like 1-propanol.
Step-by-step explanation:
The difference between isopropyl and n-propyl groups pertains to the position of the carbon atoms. In an n-propyl group, also known simply as propyl, all three carbon atoms are connected in a straight chain: CH3CH2CH2- . However, an isopropyl group is branched: (CH3)2CH-, meaning the middle carbon atom is connected to three other atoms, including the functional group, such as -OH in alcohols, making it a secondary alcohol. To illustrate, isopropyl alcohol (–2-propanol) has its -OH group bonded to the middle carbon, while propyl alcohol (–1-propanol) has the -OH group attached to the end carbon of the straight chain.
In terms of physical properties, isopropyl alcohol is a colorless, flammable compound with a strong odor, and it exists as a liquid at room temperature. Conversely, n-propyl compounds will have different physical properties due to their different structure.