Final answer:
The bony structures of the shoulder and upper limb include the pectoral girdle formed by the scapula and clavicle, the humerus in the upper arm, the ulna and radius in the forearm, and the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges in the hand.
Step-by-step explanation:
Labeling the Bony Structures of the Shoulder and Upper Limb
The question pertains to the anatomy of the shoulder and upper limb, which are part of the appendicular skeleton. The pectoral girdle, also known as the shoulder girdle, is the primary focus and comprises the scapula and clavicle bones.
The clavicle, or collarbone, has an S-shaped appearance and spans from the sternum of the thoracic cage (part of the axial skeleton) at its medial end to the lateral side where it articulates with the scapula near the shoulder joint. You can palpate the entire length of the clavicle to feel this connection.
Beyond the pectoral girdle, the upper arm contains the humerus, which interacts with the shoulder at the glenohumeral joint. The humerus consists of regions such as the head, greater and lesser tubercles, the anatomical and surgical necks, and the deltoid tuberosity, among other features.
The forearm consists of two bones – the ulna and radius, and the hand is comprised of the wrist (carpals), palm (metacarpals), and fingers (phalanges). These are the 30 bones that make up the three regions of the upper limb: the arm (from shoulder to elbow), the forearm (from elbow to wrist), and the hand.