Final answer:
For a client with COPD, a nurse should advise a healthy diet that includes fiber-rich foods, adequate hydration, high-protein foods, and importantly, a low-salt diet. Care should be taken with dairy products and high-carbohydrate diets should be avoided. The answer is option 4.
Step-by-step explanation:
Dietary Recommendations for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
When discussing dietary changes for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a nurse should include advice that aligns with the goals of managing the condition and supporting overall health. It is generally recommended to:
- Adopt a healthy diet low in saturated fat and added sugars.
- Increase the intake of fiber-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Ensure a good balance of high-protein foods in the diet, such as fish, chicken, and legumes.
- Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, aiming for around 2 liters of water per day.
- Avoid excessive salt intake, thus following a low-salt diet is advised.
- Be cautious with dairy products, as they can increase mucus production which may worsen COPD symptoms for some individuals.
Based on these principles, from the given options, the nurse should advise to follow a low-salt diet (4). A high-carbohydrate diet (1) might not be suitable as it can increase carbon dioxide production, and restricting fluids (2) is not recommended since staying hydrated is important. While dairy products (3) can be part of a balanced diet, they should be chosen wisely, opting for low-fat options and paying attention to individual tolerance.