Final answer:
An aircraft is considered an arriving aircraft until it reaches full stop or lifts off again. The deceleration of the aircraft, which can be studied through changes in velocity and acceleration, determines this transition.
Step-by-step explanation:
A touch-and-go, stop-and-go, or low approach aircraft should be considered an arriving aircraft until it either reaches a full stop on the runway or goes back into the air after touching down. In the context of physics, when an aircraft is landing, it will decelerate, meaning it slows down, as acceleration is opposite in direction to its velocity. This deceleration process is critical in determining the point at which the aircraft transitions from arriving to having arrived, or departing if it performs a touch-and-go maneuver. The change in the pitch of the noise heard from the aircraft due to the Doppler effect can also signify its arrival. An aircraft's deceleration can be analyzed through its initial and final velocities, and the time taken to decelerate, which complements the understanding of its motion during landing.
A touch-and-go/stop-and-go/low approach aircraft is considered an arriving aircraft until it comes to a complete stop.
During a touch-and-go maneuver, an aircraft lands briefly on the runway and immediately takes off again without coming to a full stop. In a stop-and-go maneuver, the aircraft comes to a complete stop on the runway before taking off again. In both cases, the aircraft is still considered an arriving aircraft until it comes to a complete stop.
Once the aircraft has stopped, it is classified as a parked or stationary aircraft.